Welcome to Lesson 8! Now that you’ve learned how to conjugate Form II verbs in the past and present tenses, it’s time to expand your understanding with two essential components:
- The Verbal Noun (المصدر)
- The Passive Voice (المبني للمجهول)
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Part 1: The Verbal Noun (المصدر)
The Verbal Noun (also called masdar) is the noun form of the action — similar to English gerunds like “teaching,” “sending,” or “helping.”
تَفْعِيلٌ
Examples with Root ع-ل-م (to know):
he taught
teaching
| Root | Verb | Masdar | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| د-ر-س | دَرَّسَ | تَدْرِيسٌ | instruction |
| س-ل-م | سَلَّمَ | تَسْلِيمٌ | submission |
| ك-ر-م | كَرَّمَ | تَكْرِيمٌ | honoring |
Part 2: Passive Voice (المبني للمجهول)
The Passive Voice is used when the doer of the action is unknown or not mentioned / unimportant — focusing on the action itself.
Form II Passive Patterns
Past Passive
"he was taught"
Present Passive
"he is being taught"
Key Changes from Active to Passive:
- Past: First vowel changes to ُ (dammah)
- Present: Second vowel changes to َ (fatḥah)
- Middle letter remains doubled (shaddah)
Usage Examples
"The boy was taught at school" (doer unknown)
"The prizes are awarded every year" (doer unimportant)
Form II Summary
| Concept | Pattern | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Verbal Noun | تَفْعِيلٌ | تَعْلِيمٌ |
| Past Passive | فُعِّلَ | عُلِّمَ |
| Present Passive | يُفَعَّلُ | يُعَلَّمُ |
Practice Exercise
Complete the table for these Form II verbs:
| Root | Verb | Masdar | Past Passive | Present Passive |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ك-ر-م | كَرَّمَ | |||
| س-ل-م | سَلَّمَ |
You've Mastered Form II Advanced Features!
These tools are essential for reading classical texts and formal Arabic.
Next lesson: Form III Verbs – Conjugation & Meanings
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